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GEOGRAPHY 



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QUESTIONS 

ANSWERED li 

i IN SIMPLE LANGUAGE 




EIGHTH GRADE 




QUESTIONS 

ANSWERED 

IN SIMPLE LANGUAGE 



Prepared by 
OSCAR WARP and RUTH A. WARP 



Price 40c. 



Copyright 1921 
Oscar Warp, Minden, Nebraska. 



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MAR -5 192! 



1. Draw a map of Nebraska and locate: (a) Its five 
larf^est cities; (b) Its state university; (c) Its state nor- 
mal schools; (d) Its state capital. 

Refer to any good map of Nebraska. 

a Omaha, Lincoln, South Omaha, Grand Island, 
Hastings. 

b State University at Lincoln. 

c State Normal schools at Kearney, Chadron, Peru, 
Wayne. 

d State capitol at Lincoln. 

2. Locate the following: Baltimore, St. Louis, Kan- 
sas City, Duluth, Wilmington, Galveston, Denver, New 
Orleans, Chicago, San Francisco. 

Baltimore, Maryland; St. Louis, Missouri; Kansas City, 
Missouri and Kansas; Duluth, Minnesota; Wilmington, 
Delaware; Galveston, Texas; Denver, Colorado; New 
Orleans, Louisiana; Chicago, Illinois; San Francisco, Calif- 
ornia. 

3. Through what waters would a ship pass going 
from Buffalo to Odessa? 

Lake Erie, Welland Canal, Lake Ontario, St. Lawren- 
ce River, Gulf of St. Lav/rence, Atlantic Ocean, Straight 
of Gibraltar, Mediterranean Sea, Aegean Sea, Dardanelles, 
Sea of Marmora, Straight of Bosphoinis, Black Sea. 

4. Of what importance are longitude and latitude? 

In establishing location and measuring distance on 
the earth's surface. 

5. What and where are the three great plains of 
South America? 

The three great plains of South America are: Llanos, 
grazing tracts of the Orinoco; Silvas, forest regions of the 
Amazon; Pampas, farming and grazing tracts of the Rio 
de la Plata. 

6. Name the countries that border the Mediterranean 
sea. 

The countries touching the Mediterranean sea are 
Spain, France, Italy and Greece in Europe; Morocco, Al- 
geria, Tunis, Tripoli and Egypt in Africa; and Turkey in 
Asia. 

7. Why is Africa called the Dark Continent? Name 
three exports of Africa. 

Because the interior is so little known and it is so 
little civilized. They export diamonds, dates and ivory. 

8. Locate the following mountains: Rocky, Andes,- 
Apennines. Himalayas, Abyssinian. 

Rocky, Western part of North America; Andes, west- 
em part of South America; Apennines, Italy; Himalayas, 



northern boundary of India in Asia; Abyssinian, highland 
in northeast Africa. 

9. What are ocean currents, and how do they affect 
the land near which they flow? 

Ocean currents are streams of water flowing in the 
ocean. A warm current makes a warm climate and a 
cold current makes a cold climate. 

10. Of the most important islands in the Pacific 
Ocean which ones belong to the United States? Of what 
value are these islands to this country? 

The Philippine. They are of value as a coaling sta- 
tion for steamships. 

11. In what part of the United States would you 
prefer to make your home? Give three advantages of the 
place you choose over Nebraska. 

Answers would vary. 

12. What are the leading crops of Australia? The 
leading exports? 

Wheat, com and sugar cane. Wool. 

13. What is peculiar about the rivers of Australia? 
Name and describe the most important. 

The rivers of Australia are almost entirely to be 
found along the coasts and what there are, are very short 
and shallow. The largest river is the Murray but it is 
too shallow to admit of steamship travel except in the very 
rainiest season. 

14. Show how the surface of the country has affected 
the industries of the inhabitants of this state. 

The surface of the eastern part of this state is level, 
hence it is used for agriculture and fruitraising while the 
western part is sandy and hilly and is given over more 
to stock raising. 

15. Describe the seasons in the different zones. State 
definitely what causes the seasons. 

The Frigid zones have but two seasons. The extreme 
cold or winter, which lasts most of the year and the 
warmer, or summer in which they grow a few crops. The 
Temperate zones have spring, summer, fall and winter. 
The Torrid zone has two seasons, both hot. One is the 
wet and the other the dry. The cause of the seasons is 
the revolving of the earth around the sun. 

16. (a) What is the Gulf Stream and why doesn't it 
affect North America and Europe the same? (b) What 
are the effects on North America and Europe? 

The Gulf Stream is a current of warm water flowing 
out of the Gulf of Mexico and northward along the eastern 



coast of North America. It has a speed of four or five 
miles an hour along' the coast of Florida, while the farther 
north and east it goes, it spreads out and goes slower, 
only about ten or fifteen miles per day. 

It loses much of its heat by coming in contact with 
the cold Laborador current off the coast of New Found- 
land, hence this is a foggy, stormy climate. In crossing 
the Atlantic it again comes in contact with tlie North 
Atlantic Eddj^ and is warmed thus making the northern 
coast of Europe warmer than North America. 

17. Why, in some regions of Nebraska, is the water 
not wholesome? In what way would this afiect the price 
of land? Why? 

The water in some parts of the state is unwholesome 
on account of the alkali and other minerals in the soil. 
The land is not valuable there because people can not live 
without good water. 

18. Define latitude, longitude, parallels, equator, 
meridians. 

Latitude is the distance measured north or south of 
tlie equator. 

Longitude is the distance measured east or west of 
a given meridian. The "Prirhe Meridian" is usually the 
one from which we begin to measure. 

Parallels are ether imaginary lines extending around 
the earth's surface in the same direction as the equator. 

The Equator is an imaginary line extending around 
the earth, midway between the poles. 

Meridians are imaginary lines on the earth's surface 
extending from pole to pole. 

19. What is an arid region? How can the same be 
made valuable? 

An arid region is a region which is unfit for cultiva- 
tion because it is too dry. It can be made valuable by 
irrigation. 

20. What is the meaning of conservation of the soil? 

"Conservation of the soil" means keeping up the fer- 
tility of the soil by the use of fertilizers and rotation of 
crops. 

21. Draw a map of Nebraska, locating only the fol- 
lowing: Platte river, Republican river, Lincoln, Omaha. 
Give the location of your county in this map. 

Refer to some good map of the state. 

22. Name and locate the mountain systems of each 
continent and give the direction in which they extend. 

South America, Andes, north and south, west coast; 
North America, Rockies, northwest and southeast, west- 
coast; Africa, Abyssinian Highland, north and south, north- 



east coast; Europe, Alps, east and west, south central part; 
Asia, Hymalias, east and west, south central part; Austra- 
lia, Blue, north and south, eastern coast. 

23. Name four of the greatest wheat countries of 
the world. Which of these do not export wheat largely? 
Why? 

Argentine, Russia, United States and Australia. Rus- 
sia does not export much because the people need much 
of it for food and they have no good means of trans- 
portation. 

24. What, where and for what noted is each of the 
following: London, Pekin, Mediterranean, Niagara, 
Panama? 

London, England, Largest city in the world; Pekin, 
China, Largest seaport and also one capital; Mediterranean, 
Sea between Europe and Africa, Great steamer route; 
Niagara, Falls in river between U. S. and Canada, Beauty 
spot; Panama, canal separating North and South America, 
important waterway. 

25. Define the following: Cape, bay, estuary, pro- 
montory. / 

A cape is a point of land extending into the water. 
Bay is an arm of the sea extending into the land. Estuary 
is a narrow arm of the sea into which a river empties. 
Promontory is a high rocky cape. 

26. Name the three principal railroad systems of Ne- 
braska. Locate. 

Union Pacific, thru central part from east to west. 
Burlington, thru south central part from east to west. 
North Western, thru northern part, from east to west. 

27. Give three ways in which Western Nebraska can 
be made more productive. 

Western Nebraska can be made more productive by 
irrigation, dry farming and the use of crops which are 
adapted to a dryer climate. 

28. Name three plains of South America and tell for 
what each is noted. 

Answer in number 5. 

29. (a) Name two leading exports of the United 
States. Tell from what city each is exported, (b) Name 
two imports and from where imported. 

Food stuffs and cotton. Food, Chicago. Cotton, 
New Orleans. Coffee is imported from Brazil and wool 
from Australia. 

30. What are the principal occupations of the people 
of Australia? 



Mining and sheep raising. 

31. Give the reason why so much of Northern Africa 
is desert. 

Because it is too far north to receive the benefit of 
the rains in the Torrid zone and too far south to receive 
any of the rains which fall along the northern coast. 

32. Draw a map of your county, locating towns and 
villages. 

Answers will vary. 

33. Name the dependencies of the United States. 
Alaska, Philippine Islands, Porto Rico. Hawaii. 

34. What is the earth's axis? 

The axis is an imaginary line upon which the earth 
revolves. 

35. Why should you expect much the same products 
in the Hawaiian Islands as in Cuba? 

They have the same climatic conditions. 

36. Describe the circulation of air in a room heated 
by a stove. 

The cold air lies next the floor and when the stove 
begins to heat it, the heated air rises to the top of the 
room, spreads out and moves downw^ard, forcing the cold 
air upward and thus a circulation of air is established. 

37. Tell about the direction of the regular winds of 
North America. 

The regular winds of North America blow in a west- 
erly course. 

38. What and where is the corn belt? W^hat condi- 
tions limit its area? 

The "com belt" is the states in which the most com 
is grown and is known as the west central group. The 
climatic conditions limit its area. 

39. Of what value to the farmer are toads, English 
sparrows, hawks, quail? 

Toads, English sparrows, hawks and quail are of 
value to the farmer because they destroy hamifui msects, 
bugs, mice, etc., which injure the farmer's crops. 

40. Why is geography an important study? 

Geography is important because it teaches us about 
the earth, the different peoples who live there, how they 
live and what they do and a great many other intersting 
things. 

41. Name and locate four important navigable rivers 
of the world. 

Mississippi, St. Lawrence, Rhine, LaPlata. First two 



are in North America, Rhine in Europe and LaPlata in 
South America. 

42. Name five important cities in Eurasis, and tell in 
what country each is located. 

Paris. France; London, England; Pekin, China; Tokyo, 
Japan; Calcutta, India. 

43. What country competes with the United States 
in the production of wheat? Of iron? Of butter? Of 
eggs ? ,jOf cotton ? 

Wheat, Russia; Iron, Germany; Butter, Belgium; Eggs, 
Denmark; Cotton, India. 

44. In what direction does the Panama Canal run? 
V/hat cities at the ends of the canal? 

Northwest and southeast. Colon and Panama, 

45. In what part of Nebraska do we find artesian 
wells? Springs? Clear streams? 

Artesian wells in northeastern part. Springs along 
the beds of all the rivers. Clear streams are in the 
northern part. 

46. Locate five of the following: District of Colum- 
bia, Philippines, Mexico, Cuba, London, Argentina, Volga. 

District of Columbia — A tract of land ten miles square 
in the eastern part of the United States. Philippines — ^ 
islands in the Pacific ocean, Mexico — country and gulf" 
to the south of the United States. Cuba — Large island off 
the coast of Florida in the Atlantic ocean. London — 
Largest city in England. Argentina — Country in South 
America. Volga — Large river in Russia, 

47. What and where are any five of the following: 
Lisbon, Alps, Rhine, Rio Grande, Omaha, Chili, Arctic. 

Lisbon — Capital of Portugal, Alps — Mountains in 
Italy, Rhine — River in Germany. Rio Grande — River be- 
tween Texas and Mexico. Omaha — City in Nebraska along 
the Missouri River. Chili — Country on west coast of South 
America. Artie — Ocean surrounding the north pole. 

48. Draw a hemisphere and on it name and locate 
the five zones. 

Refer to some good map of a hemispTiere. North 
Frigid zone is all north of the Artie circle. North Tem- 
perate is all between the Artie Circle and the Tropic of 
Cancer. Torrid is all between the Tropics of Cancer and 
Capricorn. South Temperate is all between the Tropic 
of Capricorn and the Anartic Circle, South Frigid zone 
is all south of the Antarctic Circle, 

49. In what part of Nebraska is fruit raising suc- 
cessfully carried on? What fruits are most extensively 



raised. 

Southeastern part. Apples, pears and peaches. 

50. Name the three most important drainage basins 
of Nebraska. Which are used for irrisjaticn? Why? 

Platte, Niobrara and Republican. Platte, because the 
land along its shores is mostly rolling pararie, hence easy 
to irrigate. 

51. Name the five continents in order of their size. 
Name and locate a river in each continent. 

Asia, Yellow, China; Africa, Nile, Egypt; North 
America, Mississippi, United States; South America, 
Amazon, Brazil; Europe, Rhine, Germany; Australia, Dar- 
ling, New South Wales. 

52. V^'here are the important fisheries of the United 
States? The forest regions? Copper mines? 

Fisheries along the Pacific and Atlantic coasts, in the 
Lakes and Columbia and Mississippi rivers. Forest re- 
gions along Pacific coast and in southern states. Copper 
in Lake Superior district and Montana. 

53. Compare the eastern and western coasts of the 
L'^nited States as to climate, products and industries. 

The w^esteiTX coast is warmer than the eastern and 
produces more fruit while the eastern produces grain. 
The eastern coast is a large manufacturing center while 
the western is largely agricultural. 

54. Bound the United States. 

The United States is bounded on the north by the 
country of Canada and the waters of the Great Lakes and 
St. Lawrence river; On the east by the Atlantic ocean'. 
On the south by the country of Mexico and the waters of 
the Gulf of Mexico and the Rio Grande river; and on the 
west by the Pacific ocean. 

55. Name and locate three iuportant Mountain sys- 
tems in the world. 

Answer in 22. 

56. Name five state institutions in Nebraska, and tell 
the city in which each is located. 

State Hospital for (incurable) insane at Hastings. 
State Normals at Peru, Kearney, Wayne and Chadron. 
vState Penitentary at Lincoln. School for the Deaf and 
Dumb at Omaha. Industrial school for girls at Geneva. 

57. What and where is the Gulf Stream? What 
countries are benefitted by it and how? 

Answer in 16. 

58. Locate the high plains, sand hill region and loess 

7 



plains of Nebraska. 

The high planes are in the extreme western part of 
the state. Sand hills in the northwestern part of the 
state. The loess plains are in the southern and eastern 
parts of the state. 

59. Name three wheat producing states; three cotton 
producing states; three manufacturing states; three lum- 
ber producing states. 

Wheat producing — Minnesota, South Dakota and 
Kansas. Cotton — Texas, Georgia and Alabama. Manu- 
facturing — New York, Pennsylvania and Illinois. Lumber 
— Washington, Louisiana and Mississippi. 

60. What and where are the following: Chicago, Su- 
perior, Canal Zone, Berlin, Gibraltar, Sahara, Mediterran- 
ean, Pekin, Vesuvius, Nile. 

Chicago — Manufacturing and railroad center of United 
States. Superior — Largest fresh water lake in the world, 
northern boundry of the United States. Canal Zone — Strip 
of land ten miles wide in the Isthmus of Panama, thru 
which the Panama canal is built. Berlin — Capital of Ger- 
many. Gibraltar — A strait and a fortress off the south 
west coast of Sp^in. Sahara — Large desert in Africa. 
Mediterranean — sea separating Europe and Africa. Pekin 
— Northern capital of China. Vesuvius — Large volcano in 
Italy. Nile — Large river in Africa. 

61. Name four important countries in Europe, and 
locate a city in each. 

France — Paris on Seine River. Spain — Madrid in 
central part. Germany — Berlin in north central part. 
Russia — Petrograd in northern part. 

62. What countries are washed by the Pacific Ocean? 

South America, North America, Asia and Australia. 

63. Draw an outline map of Nebraska. Give the 
length and width of the state. Mark location of capital and 
leading state institutions. 

Refer to any good map of Nebraska for outline. The 
state is approximately 400 miles long and 200 miles wide. 
The capital is Lincoln, which is in the southeastern part. 
Fivestate institutions are given in 56. Additional ones 
are: Industral home for women at Milford, School for 
Blind at Nebraska City, Home for the Feeble Minded at 
Beatrice, Soldiers Home at Grand Island, Tubercular Hos- 
pital at Kearney, Insane (curable) hospital at Lincoln. 

64. How did the early Indians make fires? Kill their 
game? Travel? Farm? 

The early Indians made a fire by rubbing two sticks 
together briskly, until they blazed. They killed their 
game with bow and arrow or spear. They traveled on 



foot and horseback. The women did the farming by 
scratching the ground with crookeci sticks. 

6.5. V/hy did railroads build westward across Ne- 
braska? How do railroads auect towns and cities? 

The aim of the railroad builders was to connect the 
faiTning country and mines of the west with the consuming 
centers of the east. The land being level in Nebraska led 
them therefore to build westward almost in a direct line 
toward theii' objective. Tov^-ns and cities situated on rail- 
road lines are usually more progressive and thriving than 
inland tov/ns. 



66. Why is the Missouri River not used for naviga- 
tion? 

It is too shallow. 

67. Write ten lines on South America, giving its 
pcsit on, drainage, products, and one of its countries with 
its capital. 

South America is a continent lying to the south and 
east of North America. It is situated in the Torrid and 
South Temperate zones and has bountiful rainfall and 
luxuriant vegetation in the northern part while the central 
and southern parts are devoted to herding, manufacturing 
and agriculture. It has two very large rivers, the Am- 
azon and La Plata, Its products are manufactured goods, 
coffee, rubber and hides. Its largest country is Brazil 
whose capital is Rio de Janerio, 

63. Where is Germany? France? Russia? Give 
capitals. Why did Russia change the name of her capital? 

Ansv/er in 61. Russia changed the name of her 
capital from "St. Petersburg" to "Petrograd" because "St. 
Petersburg" sounded too much of Geraiany. 

69. What and where are these: Egypt, Nile, Andes, 
Fetrograd, Hawaii? 

Egypt is a country in Africa. Nile is a river in 
Egypt. Andes are mountains in South America. Petro- 
grad is the capital of Russia. Hawaii is an island in the 
Pacific Ocean. 

70. Yi^hy is Pennsylvania a manufacturing state? 
Give three reasons. 

Pennsylvania is a manufacturing state first, because 
it is so close to the ocean; second, because it has an abun- 
dance of fuel and third, because it is rich in raw materials. 

71. What is a resource? An industry? 

A resource is something that a state can produce and 
turn into money. An industry is some particular occupa- 
tion in which a state or country engages. 

Sugar beets are a resource of this state while the manu-' 



facture of sugar from them is an industry. 

72. Why were cattlemen opposed to the settlement 
of Nebraska? 

Because it was formerly a good grazing state and 
they wished to keep it as pastureland for their herds. 

73. Why are cattle raised in one part of the state 
and fitted for market in another part? 

Cattle are raised in the western part of the state be- 
cause of the abundance of pastureland. They are sent 
to the eastern part of the state to be fitted for market 
because Omaha has im.mense stockyards and packing 
houses which are found nowhere else in the state. 

74. Give four reasons why Western and Central Ne- 
braska should increase in population. Would such devel- 
opment benefit Omaha and Lincoln? If so, how? 

Western and central Nebraska should increase in popu- 
lation because of increased irrigation; dry farming, cheap 
lands, automobiles and tractors. Such development would 
not benefit Omai^a and Lincoln to any great extent except 
perhaps to produce more food stuffs for their consumption, 

75. Give the location and purpose of the Panama 
Canal. 

The Panama Canal is located in a strip of land ten 
miles wide, known as the canal zone, between central and 
South America. It was built for the purpose or sliorten-- 
inp- the distance which ships would have to travel from the 
Atlantic to the Pacific coasts. 

76. Name five important exports of the United States, 

Cotton, clothing, lumber, wheat, foodstuffs. 

77. Write ten lines describing the principal industries 
and products of Australia. 

Australia is the smallest continent in the world but 
it exports the most wool of any country because the greater 
share of the land is fit only for grazing purposes, conse- 
ouently enormous herds of sheep are pastured there yearly. 
On the land which is fit for cultivation is raised great 
quantities of wheat as the climate is well suited to its 
growth. Therefore the principal industries of Australia 
are herding and farming and its principal products are 
wool and wheat, 

78. Define: Island, peninsula, cape, promontory, strait. 

An island is a body of land completely surrounded by 
water. A peninsula is a large body of land extending 
out into the water. A cape is a point of land extending into 
the water. A pormotory is a high rocky cape. A. strait is 
a small body of water connecting two larger bodies of 
water. 

10 



79. Name the lead:nj> exports of South America. 

CoiTee, hides and rubber. 

80. Name countries leading in the production of 
cotton, eoiice, tea, siik, wool. 

united States, cotton; South America, cou'ee; China, 
tea; Japan, silk; Australia, wool. 

81. Define the fcllov/ing terms: Geyser, plateau, river, 
basin, equinox. 

Geyser is a stream of hot water shooting out of the 
eartli's surface. Some geysers flow constantly and others 
only flow at certain times. A plateau is a high level plain. 
A river basin is the territory of land drained by a river. The 
equinox is when the days and nights are equal and is 
caused v\'hen the sun crosses the equator. 

82. Name four peninsulas atnd four mountain ranges 
of Europe. 

Peninsulas are Scandinavian, Spanish, Grecian and 
Italian. Ranges are Ural, Alps, Appenine and Pyrenees. 

83. Explain why the region just east of the Rocky 
Mountains has so little rainfall. 

Because the mountains are so high they keep the 
rainclouds from going over so all the moisture falls west 
of the mountains. 

84. (a) Which is the largest of the Great Lakes? 
(b) Name the states that border upon it. 

Superior. Minnesota, Wisconsin and Michigan. 

85. Name five countries of South America and give 
the capital of each. 

Brazil, Rio de Janerio; Paraguay, Asuncion; Venezuela, 
Caracas; Argentina, Buenos Aires; Peru, Lima. 

86. What does Nebraska have to export? What to 
import? 

Exports meat and grain. Imports meat and clothing. 

87. Name (a) three chief agricultural states of the 
United States; (b) three chief mining states; (c) three 
chief manufacturing states. 

(a) Agricultural are Iowa, Kansas and Nebraska. 

(b) Mining are Pennsylvania, Idaho and Nevada. 

(c) Manufacturing are Pennsylvania, New York and 
Illinois. 

88. Name three important canals of the world and 
tell for what purpose they were made. 

Suez canal w^as made to shorten trade routes. Pan- 
ama Canal (same reason.) Erie canal to shorten dis- 
tance to the ocean. 

11 



89. Give the water route from New York City to 
Manila, P. I., continuing eastward. 

Starting from New York City eastward a ship would 
cross the Atlantic ocean, pass south of Africa, cross the 
Indian ocean, up past the Malay peninsula in Asia and 
thence to Manila. 

90. Name four common plant diseases, or pests, and 
tell what plant each injures. 

Smut, a disease of com. Rust, a disease of wheat. 
Weevil, an insect pest of cotton. Potato bug, an insect pest 
of potato plant. 

91. Name three good breeds of dairy cattle. Three 
good breeds of beef cattle. 

Jersey, Holstein and Guernsey are dairy. Shorthorn, 
Herefords and Red Polled are beef. 

92. Name (a) two weeds which injure pastures; (b) 
two which injure corn. How may these be destroyed? 

Thistles and sandburs injure pastures. Burn to de- 
stroy. Sunflowers and cockleburs injure corn; cultivate 
to destroy. 

93. Bound Nebraska (a) by states; (b) by longitude 
and latitude. 

Nebraska is bounded on the north by South Dakota, 
on the east by Iowa and Missouri, on the south by Kansas 
and Colorado and on the west by Colorado and Wyoming. 
It is bounded on the north by the parallel 43 degrees and 
on the south by 40 degrees while the eastern border of 
longitude is 95 degrees and the western border is 104. 

94. Discuss the cliraate of Nebraska. 

The climate of Nebraska is temperate in Summer and 
cold in winter. It has enuf rainfall usually to Insure good 
crops and is one of the leading agricultural states. 

. 95. What is Nebraska's most important (a) industry 
(b) resource, (c) forage crop? 

Industry is farming. Resource is grain and sugar 
beets. Forage crop is alfalfa. 

96. What part of Nebraska is most thickly populated? 
Why? 

Southeastern. Because Lincoln and Omaha and sev- 
eral of the larger cities are in that part of the state. 

97. Name the continents in order of their size. The 
oceans. 

First part answer in 51. Oceans: Pacific, Atlantic, 
Indian, Antartic and Artie. 

98. In what parts of the United States do we find iron, 
coal, copper, gold, silver, forests, fish, cotton, wheat, live 

12 



stock? 

Iron, eastern; Coal, eastern and west central; copper, 
northern and western; Gold, western, silver, western; 
Forests, north western and south eastern; Fish, eastern 
and western coasts; cotton, southern; Wheat, west cen- 
tral; live stock, we stern and south Vv^estern. 

99. Compare the climate, industries and products of 
the western coast with those of the eastern coast of our 
country. 

Answer in 58. 

100. Nan'.e four leading? countries in Europe. Why 
are they attracting- attention? 

Eng:land, France, Russia, Italy. Because of the part 
they played in the World War, 

101. Describe and trace the Gulf Stream. 

Answer in 57. 

102 Compare rainfall and production of eastern and 
western Nebraska. 

Rainfall is more abundant and production better in 
the eastern than the western part. 

lOH. Nane the two chief industries of Nebraska. 
Name four chief products. 

Farming and manufacturing. Corn, wheat, sugar- 
beets, meat. 

10!. Name an important product of each of the fol- 
lowing countries: Brazil, China, France, Ceylon, the West 
Indies. 

Brazil, coffee; China, rice; France, wine; Ceylon, spice; 
West Indies, sugar. 

105. What is the form of government in the United 
States? In France? In Germany? In England? In 
Russia? In Mexico? In Japan? In China? In Belgium? 
In India? 

The United States is a Republic, France is a Republic, 
England is a Limited Monarchy, Russia is Soviet (at 
present), Mexico is a Republic, Japan is an Empire, China 
is a Republic, Belgium is a Monarchy, India is a Limited 
Monarchy (self governing colony of England.) 

106. Write ten lines on position, size, «hape, drainage 
and surface of Africa. 

Africa is located in the Torrid and South Temperate 
zones, south of Europe. It is the second continent in 
size and is shaped very much like the continent of South 
America, which is triangular. It has not a great number 
of rivers but all are very large. They drain the area next 

13 



the coast as the interior is mostly desert. The surface is 
largely plateau and there are a fev\A mountains. For the 
most part, however, it is level. 

107. Where are the following founds Diamonds, coal, 
gold, silver, iron? 

Diamonds in Africa. Rest ansv/er in 98. 

108. ¥/hat three things give rise to manufacturing in 
the New England States? 

Because the soil is too rocky to encourage agriculture. 
There are many raw materials. They are situated close 
to the coast and can export easily, 

109. What and where are these: Omaha, Greece, 
Congo, Nile, Sahara, Pekin, Petrograd, Fujiyama, Chili, 
Siberia? 

Omaha, Metropolis of Nebraska; Greece, country in 
Europe; Congo, river in Africa; Nile, river in Africa; 
Sahara, desert in Africa; Pekin, northern capital of China; 
Petrograd, capital of Russia; Fujiyama, volcano in Japan; 
Chili; country in South America; Siberia, country in Asia. 

110. Write ten lines on Egypt and the Nile Valley. 

Egypt is the most productive country in Africa be- 
cause it lies in the Nile Valley. This river overflows its 
banks at certain seasons of the year and when it goes back 
int o its proper bed it leaves a layer of rich soil on the sur- 
face of the land which was flooded. This land the natives 
use for farming purposes. The Nile flows from Victoria 
(or Nyanza) lake which is nearly a mile above the sea 
level and is crossed by the equator. For hundreds of miles 
it f.ows thru a desert and has no tributaries. Cairo, the 
capital of Egypt and also the largest city in Africa, is 
located near the mouth of the Nile. 

111. Compare Africa and South America in regard to 
extent, coast line, mountains, climate, rivers and product- 
tion. 

Africa is a larger continent than South America but 
their coast lines are very similar as to regularity and in- 
dentations. South America has more mountains than 
Africa. Their climates are very similar as are also the 
number and size of rivers. Their productions differ as 
South America produces meat, coffee, and rubber, while 
the chief product of Africa is its diamonds. 

112. Name and locate three natural divisions of Ne- 
braska as to soil and surface. 

Answer in 58. 

113. Give in order the five principal products of Ne- 
braska and state in what sections of the state each product 
is produced most extensively. 

Corn, eastern and southern; wheat, practically all 

14 



over; Sug^ar beets, v/estein; fruit, southcastorn; meat, all 
over the state. 

114. State five important facts in regard to the earth 
which the stady of geoj^raphy has made clear to you. 

Shape of Earth. Divisions of land and water. Re- 
lation of earth to other planets. Cause of seasons chang- 
ing. Causes of mountains, lakes, tides, etc. 

115. Describe the chief industry of one of the follow- 
ing named states and tell why such industry is important 
in that state: Mane, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Oregon. 

Maine: f'isMng, because it 1 as much seacoast and is 
not a good agricultural state. l.Iassachusetts: Manu- 
facturing because it has much raw product and is not 
suited for agriculture. Minnesota: Wheat raising, because 
it has a good clim.ate for a2:riculture. Oregon: Lumber- 
ing, because it has plenty of moisture and is close to the 
coast so that transportation is cheap. 

116. (a) Name the largest salt water lake in America 
and explain the cause of the presence of salt in the lake, 
(b) Name eight fresh water lakes in the L'nited States. 

Great Salt Lake, in Utah. Its waters are salty be- 
cause it has no outlet. Fresh water lakes are Michigan, 
Huron, Superior, Erie, Ontario, Champlain, Red, Winne- 
bago. 

117. Bound the county in which you live and name 
the county seats in each adjoining county. 

Answers vary. 

118. From what country does the United States im- 
port large quantities of silk, rubber, tea, coitee, hides, 
sugar, toys, linen, rice, spices? 

Silk from J^pan;Rubber, South America; Coffee, 
South America; Tea, Japan; Hides, South America; Sugar, 
Porto Rico; Toys, Germany; Linen, Ireland; Rice, China; 
Spices. West Indies. 

119. Name the five leading states of the United 
States in each of the following industries: (a) Manufactur- 
ing, (b) mining, (c) produce of corn, (d) produce of wheat, 
(e) produce of cotton. 

Answer in 87 and 98. 

120. Name three types of government. Give one 
example of each. 

Republic, United States; Limited Monarchy, England; 
Absolute Monarchy, Morocco. 

121. (a) Give two reasons for the slow commercial 
development of Africa. (b) Name and locate the Bar- 
bary States. What are the principal products of this 

15 



(a) Because of the difficulty of transportation. Be- 
cause of the uncivilized condition of the natives. 

(b) Tripoli, Tunis. Algeria and Morocco. Products 
are grain, dates, figs, grapes, olives. 

122. What and where are the following: The Land 

of the Mid-night Sun, the Golden Gate, the Grand Canal, 
Vladivostok? 

Northern part of Norv^ay; Passage of water which 
connects San Francisco Bay Vv'ith the Pacific ocean; Canal 
in Venice, Italy; Large city in Siberia, on the coast of the 
Japan Sea. 

123. Name five groups of islands belonging to the 
United States. 

Philippine, Hawaiian, Samoan, Guam, Porto Rico. 

124. Where is Puget Sound? What island partly 
encloses it? ¥7hat is the importance of Puget Sound? 

Northwest of the state of Washington; Vancouver; 
Because it furnishes a fine harbor, 

125. Give the I,ocation of each of the following cities, 
and name one product for which each is noted : Pittsburgh, 
Lowell, New Orleans, Duluth, Galveston. 

Pittsburg, in Pennsylvania, produces iron. Lowell, in 
Massachusetts, produces shoes. New Orleans, in Louisi- 
ana, produces cotton. Duluth, in Minnesota, produces 
flour." Galveston, in Texas, produces cotton. 

126. How has' the present European war affected the 
industries of the United States? 

Increase in both industries and prices. 

127. Give reasons for the rapid advance of Japan 
during the last half century. 

Because she has commenced to have more dealings 
with other countries such as foreign trade, etc. 

128. Name five of the provinces of Canada. What is 
the capital of Canada? The chief Pacific port? 

Quebec, Ontario, Saskatchewan, Alberta and British 
Columbia. Ottawa is the capital. Victoria is the chief 
seaport. 

129. What determines the length of our year? 

The time it takes the earth to revolve around the sun. 

130. Name the zones and give reasons for their 
boundaries. 

North Frigid, North Temperate, Torrid, South Tem- 
perate and South Frigid. They are so bounded because 
of the inclination of the earth's axis. 

16 



131. Why is the earth slightly flattened at the poles? 

The flattening is supposed to be caused from the re- 
volution of the earth while in a soft plastic condition. 

132. Describe the Gulf Stream; Japan Stream. 

Answer in 57. Japan stream is a branch of the 
equatorial current of the Pacific, washing the eastern 
coast of the island of Formosa and thence flowing north- 
east, past Japan. 

133. What is the effect of the cold current flowing 
alqiig the northeast coast of Asia? 

It makes a cold climate. 

134. Name the principal islands of the West Indies. 

Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti and Porto Rico. 

135. What kind of a climate has California? Give 
reasons. 

Warm, on account of the warm ocean currents flowing 
along its coast. 

136. Name three countries of Europe that have large 
colonial possessions and a colony of each. 

England, India; Russia, Siberia; France, Algeria. 

137. Name five important seaport cities of the United 
States and tell why they are important. 

San Francisco, New Orleans, New York, Seattle and 
Boston. They are important because they shorten trade 
routes and make transportation easier. 

138. Name and locate five state institutions in Ne- 
braska, giving no two in the same town. 

Answer in 56. 

139. What and where are each of the following: 
Algeria, Ganges, Genoa, Welland, Behring? 

Algeria, country in northern Africa; Ganges, river in 
India; Genoa, city in Italy; Welland, canal in Canada be- 
tween Erie and Ontario; Behring, strait and sea between 
Alaska and Asia. 

140. What natural conditions favor the growth of a 
commercial city? Illustrate by giving two examples. 

Locations, either on a sea or lake coast or in the 
midst of quantities of raw products. Galveston on a sea- 
coast and Pittsburg among raw products. 

141. What three things are necessary to seed germ- 
ination? 

Heat, moisture and fertile soil. 

142. Name three harmful insects; three usful insects. 

17 



Potato bug, Chinch bug. Hessian fly are harmful. 
Wasps, honeybees and ants are useful. 

143. Name five birds protected by the game laws of 
Nebraska. 

Pararie Chickens, ducks, pheasants, quail, geese. 

144. What is a glacier; a canyon; a geyser; an ice- 
berg; a desert? 

A glacier is a large body of ice, sometimes called a 
"river of ice," which moves slowly toward the sea. A 
canyon is a deep narrow valley. A geyser is a spring 
which shoots water out of the earth to the height of several 
feet. An iceberg is a large body of ice which breaks off 
from a glacier and floats in the ocean. A desert is a 
large tract of barren land covered with sand. 

145. Locate (a) two great fisheries of the world; (b) 
t\^o great farming regions; (c) two manufacturing re- 
gions; (d) two mining regions. 

(a) coasts of Norway and Alaska, (b) Central United 
States and Southern Russia, (c) Eastern United States 
and North Central Europe, (d) Western United States and 
Alsace Lorraine. 

146. What and where are Korea, Honolulu, Havana, 
Everest, Yukon, Moscow, Vienna, Transvaal, Ormoco, 
Yellowstcne Park? 

Korea, peninsula in China. Honolulu, city in the 
Hawaiian islands; Havana, city in Cuba; Everest, highest 
mountain in Asia and the world. Yukon, river in Alaska; 
Moscow, city in Russia; Vienna, capital of Austria Hun- 
gary; Transvaal, country in Africa; Orinoco, river in South 
America; Yellowstone Park, park noted for its beautiful 
scenery, in United States. 

147. Name and locate five important cities of the 
United States and tell what conditions favored the 
growth of each. 

Washington D, C.j capital of United Stales; Chicago, 
great lake port; Seattle, sea port; Galveston, cotton mar- 
ket; Boston, harbor and seaport. 

148. What states in the United States produce great 
quantities of (1) wheat, (2) coal, (3) corn, (4) cotton, (5) 
fruit, (6) lumber, (7) sugar, (8) live stock? 

Answer in 119. 

149. Into what topographic regions is the surface 
of Nebraska divided? 

Answer in 112. 

150. Define weather, humidity, climate, precipitation, 
erosion. 

18 



Weather is the condition of the atmosphere witii re- 
ard to heat and moisture each day. Humidity is tiie 
amount of moisture in the air. Climate is the sum and 
average of weather v»^hich includes the daily change in 
temperature, pressure, wind, rain, etc. Precipitation is 
the amount of rainfall each year. Erosion is the wear- 
ing away of -the land by weather conditions. 

151. Describe the Missouri river, giving its source, 
main tributaries and states it bounds. 

The Missouri has its source in the mountains which 
border Idaho and Montana. Its main tributaries are the 
Yellowstone, Platte, Dakota and Kansas rivers. Its 
bounds South Dakota, Nebraska, Iowa, Kansas and Mis- 
souri. 

1.52. Name three rivers, three largest cities and four 
state institutions in Nebraska. 

Niobrara, Platte, Republican. Omaiiv^ Lincoln 
Grand Island, South Omaha. Ans. in 56. 

153. Compare North America and South America as 
to size, shape, surface, drainage, life and productions. 
What continent forms a peninsula and joins the two 
Americas? 

North America is a little larger than South America 
and their shapes and surfaces are very similar. South 
America has more drainage because it is in the Torrid 
zone and has more rainfall. North America has more 
population as South America has so many tropical jungles 
in the Torrid zone where people cannot live. They both 
produce a great deal but their products differ. Central 
America forms a peninsula and joins the two continents. 

154. Name the principal mountain ranges in North 
America and Europe. What continent has the advantage 
as to the direction of the ranges? Why? 

North America, Rocky and AppaUichi.in. Europe 
Alps, Pyrenees and Appenines. Europe has the ad- 
vantage because her ranges are in the interior and she 
can reach the seacoast' easier. 

155. W^here are the salmon fisheries of the United 
States? Where are oysters found? 

In the northwestern part. Along the Atlantic coast. 

156. What and where are: Florida, Blue Ridge, Den- 
ver, Platte, Shasta? 

Florida, a southern state as a peninsula; Blue Ridge, 
mountains in the eastern part of the United States; Den- 
ver, city in Colorado; Platte, river in Nebraska; Shasta, a 
mountain in Oregon. 

157. Draw a map of your county, locating townships, 

19 



towns, streams, railroads, and if there is a state institution 
in your county name and locate it. 

Answers vary. 

158. Give some good reasons (not less than three) 
why the West Indies produce oranges, bananas, sugar, 
tobacco, coffee, pineapples, and three reasons why we do 
not raise these products in Nebraska. 

West Indies have a hot climate, plenty of moisture 
and cheap labor. In Nebraska the climate, rainfall and 
soil are not suited to the raising of these crops, 

159. Name six occupations followed by people in the 
United States, and discuss them briefly in the order of 
their importance. 

Agriculture, manufacturing, herding, fishing, mining 
and lumbering. Agriculture is placed at the head of the 
list as being the most important as it is followed to some 
extent in practically every state in the union while the 
ether occupations can only be follov/eJ in certain parts 
of the country. 

160. In what ways has the rising and sinking of the 
coast of North America been important? 

The rising of the coast in the west makes a smoother 
coast while the sinking of the eastern coast makes fine 
harbors, bays, etc. 

161. Where are the most densely populated portions 
of the United States? The most sparsely populated? How 
can you account for the difference? 

Northeastern part. Western and southwestern parts 
are sparsely settled. The western part is mostly moun- 
tainous and desert while the east is productive and has 
numerous large cities. 

162. Why is the region around the Great Lakes es- 
pecially suited to fruit raising? 

There is good soil and plenty of moisture. 

163. Name the two largest shipping ports in the 
United States and state why you think they became larger 
shipping ports than Omaha. 

New York and Chicago.- By reason of being situated 
on the sea coast. 

164. Name and locate the principal irrigated sections 
in western Nebraska districts and tell wliat is produced 
there. 

In the Platte valley, around Scottsbluff. Sugar beets. 

165. What part of the United States is largely given 
to grazing? What states especially? 

West central and south western states. Montana, 

20 



Wyoming, Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico and Texas. 

166. In what portion of our country are the forests? 
Why do we not have the same kind in Nebraska? 

Northern and western. The climate and soil are more 
suited to agriculture than forest raising. There is not 
enuf moisture. 

167. What generally is the surface of Nebraska? 
Where are the highest and lowest sections? 

Plains. Highest in western, lowest in eastern. 

168. WTiat is the chief product of the southemf 
states? The chief industry? (Discuss these two topics.) 

Cotton. Cotton picking. There is more cotton 
raised in the southern states than any place in the w^orld 
and when the crop is gathered it takes a great deal of 
labor. Most of the gathering is done by negroes at the 
present time but they are not in slavery. 

169. What is Eurasia? Name four rivers in Eurasia 
and tell in what direction they flow. 

Eurasia is the two continents of Europe and Asia. 
Ganp:es, southeast; Volga, south; Amur, east; Rhine, 
northwest. 

170. Name the largest city in Europe; in the United 
States. Tell two things of importance about each of 
these cities. 

London is a great seaport and is the capital of Eng- 
land. New York is the chief seaport and is also the 
chief landing place for immigrants. 

171. Why do the people of Europe come to the United 
States and become citizens of this country? What na- 
tions are represented in our country? 

Because they have more freedom and greater oppor- 
tunity to become property owners. Practically every 
nation in Europe. 

172. Name two things we eat or drink which we im- 
port from Asia. What do we export to Europe? What 
do we import from Europe? 

Rice and tea. Wheat and cotton. Jewelry and 
manufactured goods. 

173. What constitutes a good. harbor? Tell where 
some good harbors are found in America. Why has 
Australia so few good harbors? 

It needs to be protected from the sea and such pro- 
tection is usually artifically made. It should be deep 
and wide. New York, Norfolk, New Orleans, Galveston, 
San Francisco and Vancouver. Because it has so few 
rivers which have their outlets in the sea. 

21 



174. The Middle Atlantic States do a great deal of 
manufacturing. Why do they not farm? Name five 
articles manufactured. 

Because the soil is not so productive and they have 
great quantities of raw products. Butter, cheese, steel, 
dishes and carpets. 

175. Name and locate the important rivers of Ne- 
braska in the order of their size. 

Ans. in 152. 

176. Describe the climate of Nebraska, the soil, the 
surface slope. 

Nebraska has a temperate climate. The soil is 
most fertile with the exception of the sand hill region. 
The surface slopes to the east and southeast. 

177. Name one or more natural resources of Nebras- 
ka. 

Limestone, brick clay and potash. 

178. What is a glacier, a canyon, a geyser, a desert, 
an iceberg, a mountain, a river, a valley, a lake, a gulf, 
a cape, an island?' 

First five ans. in 144. A mountain is a high rocky 
elevation of land. A river is a stream of v^ater flow^ing 
thru the land. A valley is the low place between two 
mountains or hills. A lake is a large body of water 
surrounded by land. A gulf is a large body of water 
partly surrounded by land, A cape is a point of land 
extending out into the water. An island is a body of 
land entirely surrounded by water. 

179. How many states in the United States of 
America? Name ten and give the capital city of each. 

Forty eight. Texas, Austin; Nebraska, Lincoln; Cali- 
fornia, Sacramento; Minnesota, St. Paul; Connecticut, 
Hartford; Florida, Tallahassee; Oregon, Salem; Illinois, 
Springfield; Montana, Helena; Tennesee, Nashville. 

180. Name and locate three important mountain 
systems of the world. 

Ans. in 65. 

181. Why is a study of geography important? 

Ans. in 40. 

182. Locate the wheat, corn, cotton, tobacco, sugar, 
lumber, coal, iron, and cattle producing regions of the 
United States. 

Ans. in 98. "^ 

183. Name four important seaports in United States, 

22 



two in South America, one in Australia, three in Asia 
and five in Eurpe. 

San Francisco, New Orleans, New York and Boston 
are in United States, Rio de Janeiro and Buenos Aires are 
in South America. Melbourne is in Australia. Calcutta, 
Hong Kong and Singapore are in Asia. London. Lisbon, 
Constantinople, Athens and Copenhagen are in Europe. 

184. Define: axis of earth, the poles, latitude, longi- 
tude, equator, tropics, artic circle, the prime meridian. 

Ans. in 18 and 34. Poles are the ends of the earth's 
axis. Tropics are the lines which bound the temperate 
zones Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn. Artic circle sep- 
arates the north Frigid and north Temperate zones. 

185 Name the seasons of the year and tell what 
causes them. What causes day and night? 

Spring, summer, fall, winter. The revolution of the 
earth around the sun. The revolution of the earth on its 
axis causes day and night. 

186. Name the oceans and continents in the order 
of their size. 

Ans. in 97. 

187. Name three principal products in the torrid 
\ zone, five in the temperate and three in the frigid zone. 

Torrid: spices, fruit, tobacco. Temperate: grain, 
cotton, tea, coffee, fruit. Frigid: furs, sealskins, fish. 

188. Name and locate four great mountain systems 
and six important river systems of the world. 

Ans. in 41 and 55. 

189. Name and locate four cantonments of the United 
States and tell how the men were selected and cared for 
in these camps. 

Great Lakes, Chicago; Camp Funston, Kansas; Fort 
Morgan, Colorado; Goad Island, San Francisco. 

The men were selected by draft and enlistment and 
were cared for in the very best manner possible, having 
plain, nourishing food, the best of military training and 
amusements of good quality. 

190. Name and locate three cities, two rivers and 
two battle grounds of importance in the war which is just 
closing. 

Paris — Capital of France. Rheims — City in France. 
Strassburg — City in Germany. Seine — River in France. 
Rhine — River in GeiTnany. Battle of the Mame — East of 
Paris. Chateau Thierry — northeast of Paris. 

^ 191. Where in the United States are the great oil 
wells? What are the principal products made from 

23 



petroleum? 

Texas, Oklahoma and Pennsylvania. Products are 
naphtha, benzine and gasoline. 

192 Locate two great mining regions of the world; 
two farming regins; two fishing regions; two manufac- 
ing regions. 

Ans. in 119. 

193. What is the leading industry of the New Eng- 
land States? The Southern States? The Central States? 
The Rocky Mountain States? The Pacific Coast States? 

New England, manufacturing; Southern, cotton and 
fruit raising; Central, agriculture; Rocky Mountain 
States, mining and grazing; Pacific Coast, fruit raising 
and agriculture. 

194. Name and locate 5 great distributing centers of 
the United States. 

New York, Chicago, New Orleans, San Francisco, 
Pittsburg. 

195. What products are received from South Ameri- 
can countries? What are sent to South American 
countries? 

Coffee, rubber, hides, received. Cotton, manufactured 
goods, sent. 

196. Define: oasis, source, ore, sediment, glacier. 

Oasis is a place in the desert where springs flow and 
vegitation grows. Source is the beginning of a river. 
Ore is the minerals such as iron, gold, etc., in their raw 
state. Sediment is the soil which is washed into river 
basins by rains, small streams, etc., and which settles to 
the:bottom. Ans. in 144. 

197. What and where are the following: Canal zone, 
Gibraltar, Vancouver, Duluth, Yosemite? 

First two ans. in 60. Third and fourth in 124 and 
125. Yosemite is a river in Wyoming and is noted for 
its beautiful scenery and falls. 



The following minor errors have been discovered and 
corrections are made herewith: 

45. "Banks" instead of "Beds." 

73. Another reason is the abundance of cheap fatten- 
ing feed produced in the eastern part of the state. 

86. Implements instead of meat are imported. 

141. "Seed" in place of "Soil." 

189. "Goat" in place of "Goad." 

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